The effect of MPA on Caco-2 cell viability was measured by MTT tissue diamine oxidase and endotoxin expression were determined by ELISA expression of total proteins of ZO-1, occludin, Bax, Bcl-2, and mitochondrial proteins of Cytochrome C and Bax was measured by Western blot and the localization of Cytochrome C with MitoTraker was observed by immunofluorescence staining. MPA-induced intestinal injury model in Kunming mice and Caco-2 cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MPA induces intestinal barrier dysfunction through regulation of the mitochondrial ROS. Mitochondria, one of the main sources of ROS and abnormally high levels of ROS are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is linked to tight junction (TJ) proteins and apoptosis, both of which cause abnormalities in intestinal barrier function. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) may cause gastrointestinal adverse effects by damaging the intestinal epithelial barrier, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.
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